Blockchain Scalability

Ever since the introduction of Bitcoin and subsequently the emergence of Ethereum and various decentralized applications, monolithic blockchains have been the industry standard. These blockchains are capable of single-handedly handle all the core tasks: providing consensus and security, guaranteeing data availability, and execution transactions. While these blockchains prove useful, they are running short of scalability, especially when applications sport billions users.

The inherent scalability limitations result in congestion during periods of high activity, leading to increased transaction fees and slower confirmation times. This scalability bottleneck inhibits the seamless adoption of decentralized applications (dApps) and impedes the mainstream utility of blockchain technology.

Various alternatives to address the aforementioned scalability concern exist, but they remain lacking in some aspects. Self-acclaimed Ethereum-killer chains often bugged with liveness issues, while popular L2 chains tied to Ethereum, such as Optimism or Arbitrum, would require applications deployed on them to risk dependency on their ecosystems. Besides, interoperability has posed a significant challenge, and current solutions, namely cross-chain bridges, have proven fragile and susceptible to exploitation by malicious actors on a consistent basis.

In order to support an ecosystem of social entertainment apps that have over 700 million registered users across 150 regions, we need a unique solution that ensures not only scalability, but also expressiveness and interoperability.